Research

The Heart Model Guidelines are grounded in rigorous research, including a review of 1,500 articles; the lived experiences of older people, families/carers, and staff; stakeholder co-design workshops; and validation by an international expert panel. Below is a list of references cited throughout the guidelines.

REFERENCES

Note: Australian Government department names are cited as they appeared at the time of publication, reflecting the various iterations of the health, ageing and aged care portfolio over the past two decades

  1. 1. Department of Health, Disability and Ageing. Strengthened Aged Care Quality Standards – August, Australian Government. 2025. www.health.gov.au/resources/publications/strengthened-aged-carequality-standards-august-2025
  2. 2. Meaningful Ageing Australia, (MAA). The National Guidelines for Spiritual Care in Aged Care (NGSCAC).2016 https://meaningfulageing.org.au/product/national-guidelines-for-spiritual-care-in-aged-care-digital-copy/
  3. 3. Meyer, C., Ogrin, R., Golenko, X., Cyarto, E., Paine, K., Walsh, W., Hutchinson, A., & Lowthian, J. (2022). A codesigned fit-forpurpose implementation framework for aged care. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 28(3), 421–435. https://doi.org/10.1111/jep.13660
  4. 4. ABS, (Australian Bureau of Statistics) Religious affiliation in Australia. Accessed 3 March, 2024. www.abs.gov.au/articles/religious-affiliation-australia.
  5. 5. Bergamo D, White D. Frequency of Faith and Spirituality Discussion in Health Care. Journal of Religion and Health. 2016;55(2):618-630. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0065-y
  6. 6. Harrington A, Williamson V, Goodwin-Smith I. Understanding the Diverse Forms of Spiritual Expression of Older People in Residential Aged Care in Australia. Journal of Religion and Health. 2019;58(5):1561-1572. doi:10.1007/s10943-018-00742-1
  7. 7. McCrindle M, Renton S, Authers J. The changing faith landscape in Australia. Gen. 2022;26:4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373119021_The_changing_faith_landscape_of_Australia/citation/download
  8. 8. Hvidt NC, Nielsen KT, Kørup AK, et al. What is spiritual care? Professional perspectives on the concept of spiritual care identified through group concept mapping. BMJ Open. Dec 28 2020;10(12):e042142. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042142
  9. 9. Puchalski C, Blatt B, Kogan M, Butler A. Spirituality and Health: The Development of a Field. Academic medicine. 2014;89(1):10-16. doi:10.1097/ACM.0000000000000083
  10. 10. Swinton J. Identity and resistance: why spiritual care needs 'enemies'. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2006;15(7):918-928. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2006.01651.x
  11. 11. McSherry W, Boughey A, Attard J. Enhancing nurses' and midwives' competence in providing spiritual care : through innovative education and compassionate care. Springer; 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65888-5
  12. 12. MacKinlay E. The Spiritual Dimension of Ageing. Ist ed. Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2001.
  13. 13. Paterson M. Emerging Paradigms in Scottish Healthcare Chaplaincy: Disorientation or Reorientation? Critical horizons: Journal of Social & Critical Theory. 2014;2(1):51-64. doi:10.1558/hscc.v2i1.51
  14. 14. MacKinlay E, Burns R, Mordike S. The lived experience of frailty: what does it mean to be frail? Journal of Religion, Spirituality & Aging. 2023; ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print):1-24. doi:10.1080/15528030.2023.2223156
  15. 15. Swinton J, Kelly E. Contextual Issues: Health and Healing. In: Swift C, Cobb M, Todd A, eds. A Handbook of Chaplaincy Studies- Understanding Spiritual Care in Public Places. Routledge; 2015:175-186:chap 13. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315564784-16/contextual-issues-health-healing-johnswinton-ewan-kelly
  16. 16. Best MC, Vivat B, Gijsberts MJ. Spiritual Care in Palliative Care. Religions (Basel, Switzerland ). 2023;14(3):320. doi:10.3390/rel14030320
  17. 17. Kuepfer JA. Narratives of baby boomers: Envisioning late life spiritual resources. Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive). Wilfrid Laurier University; 2018. www.scholars.wlu.ca/etd/2055
  18. 18. Best MC, Simpson G, Jones KF, et al. Measurement of Spiritual Wellbeing in an Australian Hospital Population Using the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy: Spiritual Wellbeing Scale (FACIT-Sp-12). Journal of Religion and Health. 2024;doi:10.1007/s10943-024-02064-x
  19. 19. MacKinlay E. Relationship and Intimacy Needs among Nursing Home Residents. Spiritual Growth and Care in the Fourth Age of Life. Jessica Kingsley Publishers; 2006:176-193:chap 12. https://uk.jkp.com/products/spiritual-growth-and-care-in-the-fourth-age-of-life?afid=googleprint&variant=36607466373285
  20. 20. Swinton J, Pattison S. Moving beyond clarity: towards a thin, vague, and useful understanding of spirituality in nursing care: Moving beyond clarity. Nursing Philosophy. 2010;11(4):226-237. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2010.00450.x
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